(Fourier Series)
If we have a fundamental sine wave (1st harmonic) of the following form (for time-domain waves, x may be replaced by ft, where f is the fundamental frequency and t is the time point):
and add nth harmonics of the form:
(where A1 = 1 and B1 = 0 for the fundamental) then the waveform resulting from summing the first N harmonics (including the fundamental) can be expressed as:
We define w∞ to be the limiting case when an infinite number of harmonics are added:
Figure 1: Harmonic sum wN(x) compared to limiting case w∞(x).
Figure 2: Individual harmonics hn(x) which form wN(x) in figure 1.